All 74 sources cited in Sunrise 2027

Every factual claim in Sunrise 2027 is cited.

This is the complete source list from Appendix E of the book, all 74 documents, kept current here so that the printed short links keep working even when publishers move their files.

Each numbered entry below matches the number printed in the book.

74 sources. Links last checked 18 August 2026. If a link has moved since, the entry here is the authoritative current address, not the one in the printed book.

GS1 Global

01. 2D barcodes in retail, implementation guideline
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/01 · Accessed 16 August 2026

02. Global industry endorsement statement on QR codes with GS1 standards, June 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/02 · Accessed 16 August 2026

10. Solution provider 2D readiness
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/10 · Accessed 16 August 2026

11. Migration to a single GS1 conformant 2D barcode for retailer private label, retailer-exclusive and in-store labelled products, Release 2.0, August 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/11 · Accessed 16 August 2026

14. GS1 General Specifications, Release 25.0, ratified January 2025, GS1 AISBL
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/14 · Accessed 17 August 2026

15. Application Identifier reference, individual AI pages
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/15 · Cited in Chapter 5 · Accessed 16 August 2026

16. GS1 DataMatrix Guideline, Release 2.5.1, ratified January 2018
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/16 · Cited in Chapter 6 · Accessed 17 August 2026

17. Best practices for creating your QR Code powered by GS1, 2023
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/17 · Cited in Chapters 6, 7 · Accessed 17 August 2026

18. GS1 Digital Link Standard: URI Syntax, Release 1.7.0, ratified August 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/18 · Cited in Chapters 5, 7 · Accessed 17 August 2026

19. GS1-Conformant Resolver Standard, version 1.2.0, published 16 January 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/19 · Cited in Chapter 7 · Accessed 17 August 2026

20. GS1 Digital Link standards overview page
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/20 · Cited in Chapter 7 · Accessed 17 August 2026

21. GS1 Digital Link URI: Compression Technical Standard for EPC binary strings
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/21 · Cited in Chapter 7 · Accessed 17 August 2026

22. Data Carriers and GS1, Architecture Group Finding, Release 1.0.2, final, March 2021
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/22 · Cited in Chapter 6 · Accessed 17 August 2026

23. GS1 AIDC Fresh Foods Sold at Point-of-Sale guideline
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/23 · Cited in Chapter 6 · Accessed 17 August 2026

24. Quick start guide for GS1 Digital Link, 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/24 · Cited in Chapter 7 · Accessed 17 August 2026

58. EPCIS and CBV
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/58 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

59. EPCIS and CBV Implementation Guideline
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/59 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

60. GS1 Digital Link Standard: URI Syntax, standards reference page
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/60 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

GS1 US

03. Sunrise 2027 topic page
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/03 · Accessed 16 August 2026

07. Barcode history, published for the 45th anniversary of the UPC
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/07 · Cited in Chapter 2 · Accessed 16 August 2026

09. A New Dimension in Barcodes, Sunrise 2027 one-pager
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/09 · Accessed 16 August 2026

41. GS1 US Consumer Pulse Survey: How Product Data Influences Shoppers. Research conducted by Atomik Research, online survey of 1,007 United States adults, fieldwork 12 to 15 April 2024, published 26 June 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/41 · Cited in Chapters 23, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

44. New GS1 US Survey Finds Consumers Are Concerned About the Frequency of Food Recalls Despite High Confidence That They Are Effective, 8 September 2025
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/44 · Cited in Chapter 23 · Accessed 17 August 2026

66. Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA)
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/66 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

74. Implementation Guideline: Applying GS1 System of Standards for DSCSA and Serialized Interoperable Traceability
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/74 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

GS1 UK

06. The history of the barcode
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/06 · Cited in Chapter 2 · Accessed 16 August 2026

GS1 BeLux

13. FAQ: Next-generation barcode
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/13 · Accessed 17 August 2026

GS1 in Europe

47. Digital Product Passport Powered by GS1 Standards
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/47 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Smithsonian Institution

05. Object record for the 1974 supermarket scanner, National Museum of American History
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/05 · Cited in Chapter 2 · Accessed 16 August 2026

IBM

08. George Laurer, profile in the company history archive
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/08 · Cited in Chapter 2 · Accessed 16 August 2026

Amazon

04. Preparing for GS1 Sunrise 2027, published 8 January 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/04 · Accessed 16 August 2026

Vendor and solution provider material

12. Sunrise 2027 FAQ, what businesses need to know, 26 June 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/12 · Accessed 16 August 2026

National Retail Federation

25. 2025 Retail Returns Landscape, with Happy Returns, a UPS company, 15 October 2025
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/25 · Cited in Chapters 20, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

29. National Retail Security Survey 2023, published 26 September 2023, fiscal year 2022 data
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/29 · Cited in Chapter 20 · Accessed 17 August 2026

31. The Impact of Retail Theft and Violence 2024, in partnership with the Loss Prevention Research Council, sponsored by Sensormatic Solutions, 17 December 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/31 · Cited in Chapter 20 · Accessed 17 August 2026

32. NRF and Happy Returns Report: 2024 Retail Returns to Total $890 Billion, 5 December 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/32 · Cited in Chapter 20 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Appriss Retail

26. 2024 Consumer Returns in the Retail Industry Report, in collaboration with Deloitte, 30 December 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/26 · Cited in Chapters 20, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

27. The 2026 Total Retail Loss Benchmark Report, press release 19 February 2026, report page 22 July 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/27 · Cited in Chapter 20 · Accessed 17 August 2026

28. Plugging the $19 Billion Leak on Profitability: Omnichannel Return Fraud, 21 March 2025
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/28 · Cited in Chapter 20 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Retail Dive

30. After more than 3 decades, NRF won't publish its annual shrink report this year, 7 October 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/30 · Cited in Chapter 20 · Accessed 17 August 2026

ReFED

33. Progress on the Plate: 2026 U.S. Food Waste Report, 7 April 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/33 · Cited in Chapter 21 · Accessed 17 August 2026

United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

34. Jean C. Buzby, Jeanine T. Bentley, Beth Padera, Jennifer Campuzano, and Cara Ammon, Updated Supermarket Shrink Estimates for Fresh Foods and Their Implications for ERS Loss-Adjusted Food Availability Data, Economic Information Bulletin No. 155, June 2016, data collected 2011 and 2012
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/34 · Cited in Chapter 21 · Accessed 17 August 2026

SSRN working papers

35. Reaping the Benefits of Expiration Tracking: Policy Actions for Data-Driven Markdowns, posted 5 May 2023
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/35 · Cited in Chapters 21, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

43. Using QR codes to access food information, posted 1 February 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/43 · Cited in Chapter 23 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Retail Insight

36. The Real Lowdown on Markdowns, whitepaper
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/36 · Cited in Chapters 21, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

U.S. PIRG Education Fund

40. Food for Thought 2025, 18 January 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/40 · Cited in Chapters 22, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics

42. Tongzhe Li and Kent D. Messer, To Scan or Not to Scan: The Question of Consumer Behavior and QR Codes on Food Packages, volume 44, number 2, May 2019, pages 311 to 327
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/42 · Cited in Chapters 23, 24 · Accessed 17 August 2026

European Union legislation, EUR-Lex

45. Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, 13 June 2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/45 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

48. Regulation (EU) 2023/1115, EU Deforestation Regulation
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/48 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

61. Directive 2011/62/EU, Falsified Medicines Directive
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/61 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

European Commission

46. Digital Product Passport
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/46 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

49. Commission updates product scope and tools to support EUDR, 13 July 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/49 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

50. Guidance Document for the Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products, 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/50 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

62. Falsified Medicines Directive implementation document
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/62 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Global ELR

51. European Commission Releases New EU Deforestation Regulation Measures, May 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/51 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

United States Food and Drug Administration

52. FSMA Final Rule on Requirements for Additional Traceability Records for Certain Foods
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/52 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

53. Frequently Asked Questions: FSMA Food Traceability Rule
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/53 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

67. DSCSA compliance policies establish 1-year stabilization period for implementing electronic systems
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/67 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

68. DSCSA Exemptions from Certain Requirements Under Section 582
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/68 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Congressional Research Service

54. The Food and Drug Administration's Food Traceability Rule, report R48925
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/54 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Federal Trade Commission

55. Informing Businesses about the INFORM Consumers Act
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/55 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Congress.gov

56. H.R.2853, Combating Organized Retail Crime Act of 2025
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/56 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

57. S.1404, Combating Organized Retail Crime Act
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/57 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

United Kingdom Government

63. Implementing the Falsified Medicines Directive: safety features
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/63 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

PDSA Online

64. The Drug Supply Chain Security Act
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/64 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

65. Serialization
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/65 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

Pharmaceutical Commerce

69. DSCSA compliance has arrived, now what?
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/69 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

PassportCraft

70. ESPR Working Plan 2025 to 2030: Timeline and Delegated Acts, 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/70 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

National Restaurant Association

71. FDA's Food Traceability Rule
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/71 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

The Intercept

72. Congress Might Give ICE the Power to Go After Shoplifters, 7 August 2026
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/72 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026

International Organization for Standardization

73. ISO/IEC 19987:2024
Short link: thebarcodeguide.com/s/73 · Cited in Chapter 29 · Accessed 17 August 2026